实例的并行度设置不合理
问题排查
多线程并行处理任务时，由于每个线程处理的数据量不一致，会出现CXPACKET等待情况，CXPACKET等待发生比较多的话，造成CPU使用率高。可以通过SQL Server Management Studio的活动监视器或者下面语句（多次执行取差值），监控是否存在大量CXPACKET等待。 说明 CXPACKET指线程正在等待彼此完成并行处理。当SQL Server发现一条指令复杂时，会决定用多个线程并行来执行，由于某些并行线程已完成工作，在等待其它并行线程来同步，这种等待就叫CXPACKET。 WITH [Waits] AS (SELECT [wait_type], [wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [WaitS], ([wait_time_ms] - [signal_wait_time_ms]) / 1000.0 AS [ResourceS], [signal_wait_time_ms] / 1000.0 AS [SignalS], [waiting_tasks_count] AS [WaitCount], 100.0 * [wait_time_ms] / SUM ([wait_time_ms]) OVER() AS [Percentage], ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY [wait_time_ms] DESC) AS [RowNum] FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats WHERE [wait_type] NOT IN ( N'BROKER_EVENTHANDLER', N'BROKER_RECEIVE_WAITFOR', N'BROKER_TASK_STOP', N'BROKER_TO_FLUSH', N'BROKER_TRANSMITTER', N'CHECKPOINT_QUEUE', N'CHKPT', N'CLR_AUTO_EVENT', N'CLR_MANUAL_EVENT', N'CLR_SEMAPHORE', -- Maybe uncomment these four if you have mirroring issues N'DBMIRROR_DBM_EVENT', N'DBMIRROR_EVENTS_QUEUE', N'DBMIRROR_WORKER_QUEUE', N'DBMIRRORING_CMD', N'DIRTY_PAGE_POLL', N'DISPATCHER_QUEUE_SEMAPHORE', N'EXECSYNC', N'FSAGENT', N'FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT', N'FT_IFTSHC_MUTEX', -- Maybe uncomment these six if you have AG issues N'HADR_CLUSAPI_CALL', N'HADR_FILESTREAM_IOMGR_IOCOMPLETION', N'HADR_LOGCAPTURE_WAIT', N'HADR_NOTIFICATION_DEQUEUE', N'HADR_TIMER_TASK', N'HADR_WORK_QUEUE', N'KSOURCE_WAKEUP', N'LAZYWRITER_SLEEP', N'LOGMGR_QUEUE', N'MEMORY_ALLOCATION_EXT', N'ONDEMAND_TASK_QUEUE', N'PREEMPTIVE_XE_GETTARGETSTATE', N'PWAIT_ALL_COMPONENTS_INITIALIZED', N'PWAIT_DIRECTLOGCONSUMER_GETNEXT', N'QDS_PERSIST_TASK_MAIN_LOOP_SLEEP', N'QDS_ASYNC_QUEUE', N'QDS_CLEANUP_STALE_QUERIES_TASK_MAIN_LOOP_SLEEP', N'QDS_SHUTDOWN_QUEUE', N'REDO_THREAD_PENDING_WORK', N'REQUEST_FOR_DEADLOCK_SEARCH', N'RESOURCE_QUEUE', N'SERVER_IDLE_CHECK', N'SLEEP_BPOOL_FLUSH', N'SLEEP_DBSTARTUP', N'SLEEP_DCOMSTARTUP', N'SLEEP_MASTERDBREADY', N'SLEEP_MASTERMDREADY', N'SLEEP_MASTERUPGRADED', N'SLEEP_MSDBSTARTUP', N'SLEEP_SYSTEMTASK', N'SLEEP_TASK', N'SLEEP_TEMPDBSTARTUP', N'SNI_HTTP_ACCEPT', N'SP_SERVER_DIAGNOSTICS_SLEEP', N'SQLTRACE_BUFFER_FLUSH', N'SQLTRACE_INCREMENTAL_FLUSH_SLEEP', N'SQLTRACE_WAIT_ENTRIES', N'WAIT_FOR_RESULTS', N'WAITFOR', N'WAITFOR_TASKSHUTDOWN', N'WAIT_XTP_RECOVERY', N'WAIT_XTP_HOST_WAIT', N'WAIT_XTP_OFFLINE_CKPT_NEW_LOG', N'WAIT_XTP_CKPT_CLOSE', N'XE_DISPATCHER_JOIN', N'XE_DISPATCHER_WAIT', N'XE_TIMER_EVENT') AND [waiting_tasks_count] > 0 ) SELECT MAX ([W1].[wait_type]) AS [WaitType], CAST (MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [Wait_S], CAST (MAX ([W1].[ResourceS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [Resource_S], CAST (MAX ([W1].[SignalS]) AS DECIMAL (16,2)) AS [Signal_S], MAX ([W1].[WaitCount]) AS [WaitCount], CAST (MAX ([W1].[Percentage]) AS DECIMAL (5,2)) AS [Percentage], CAST ((MAX ([W1].[WaitS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgWait_S], CAST ((MAX ([W1].[ResourceS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgRes_S], CAST ((MAX ([W1].[SignalS]) / MAX ([W1].[WaitCount])) AS DECIMAL (16,4)) AS [AvgSig_S] FROM [Waits] AS [W1] INNER JOIN [Waits] AS [W2] ON [W2].[RowNum] <= [W1].[RowNum] GROUP BY [W1].[RowNum] HAVING SUM ([W2].[Percentage]) - MAX( [W1].[Percentage] ) < 95; -- percentage threshold GO
解决方案
从语句级别进行设置 通过查询语句寻找消耗CPU的语句，SQL如下：SELECT TOP 50 [Avg. MultiCore/CPU time(sec)] = qs.total_worker_time / 1000000 / qs.execution_count, [Total MultiCore/CPU time(sec)] = qs.total_worker_time / 1000000, [Avg. Elapsed Time(sec)] = qs.total_elapsed_time / 1000000 / qs.execution_count, [Total Elapsed Time(sec)] = qs.total_elapsed_time / 1000000, qs.execution_count, [Avg. I/O] = (total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes) / qs.execution_count, [Total I/O] = total_logical_reads + total_logical_writes, Query = SUBSTRING(qt.[text], (qs.statement_start_offset / 2) + 1, ( ( CASE qs.statement_end_offset WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(qt.[text]) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END - qs.statement_start_offset ) / 2 ) + 1 ), Batch = qt.[text], [DB] = DB_NAME(qt.[dbid]), qs.last_execution_time, qp.query_plan FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.[sql_handle]) AS qt CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) AS qp where qs.execution_count > 5 --more than 5 occurences ORDER BY [Total MultiCore/CPU time(sec)] DESC 对于RDS for SQL Server 2008 R2实例，可以在控制台查看慢日志统计，查找消耗CPU的语句。
找到语句之后，查看其执行计划，对于并行度较高的语句，可以在语句级别使用hint查询，限制语句并行度。示例如下：SELECT column1,column2 FROM table1 o INNER JOIN table2 d ON (o.d_id = d.d_id) OPTION (maxdop 1) 从实例级别进行设置 查看当前实例的MAXDOP值，SQL如下：select * from sys.configurations where name like '%max%'
在实例级别设置该参数，对所有查询均生效，SQL如下：sp_rds_configure 'max degree of parallelism', 1; GO
对于RDS for SQL Server 2008 R2实例，可以在RDS管理控制台的参数设置中进行手动设置，需提交参数生效。
